Impactofnatural,organicfarmingpractices and foliar application of liquid organic manures on soybean [glycine max (l.) Merr.] Wheat (triticumaestivuml.)Croppingsystem
Pulivarthi Swathi
Impactofnatural,organicfarmingpractices and foliar application of liquid organic manures on soybean [glycine max (l.) Merr.] Wheat (triticumaestivuml.)Croppingsystem - P hd (Agri) - Dharwad University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad 2024 - 429 320Cms
A study was carried out during 2022-23 and 2023-24 at MARS, Dharwad. The experiment was laid out in strip plot design with three farming practices in strip- I (A1:Naturalfarming(NF),A2:Organicfarming(OF),A3: Intensificationofnaturalfarming(INF), and five liquid organic manures (LOM’s) as foliar spray at critical crop growth stages in strip-II[B1: Vermiwash @ 10%, B2: Panchagavya @ 5 %, B3: Jeevamrutha @ 20 %, B4: Cow urine @ 10 % and B5: Water spray (control)] and compared with two uneven checks, recommended package of practices (RPP) by UAS, Dharwad and chemical farming (CF). Organic farming (OF) recorded higher values of soybean seed and wheat grain yields (2977 and 3596 kg ha-1, respectively). INF recorded a yield increase of 5.33 and 16.44 per cent in soybeanseedandwheat grain yieldsrespectivelyoverNF. Foliarapplicationofpanchagavya, cow urine, jeevamrutha and vermiwash contributed to enhanced yield to the extent of 26.7, 18.6, 13.5 and 10.0per cent over control in soybean and 18.3, 12.7, 8.0 and 5.9per cent in wheat.Thehighersoybeanandwheatyield(3322and3901kgha-1)andhighernetreturns ( 1,30,220and70,064ha-1)inRPPthanOFrespectively.Thepercent of yieldreductionwas10.4percentinOFand22.8percentinNF, 18.6 percentin INF,6.2percentinCFoverRPP in soybean crop. Similarly in wheat crop, 6.5, 28.3, 16.5 and 1.8 per cent reductions, respectively was noticed.Among theinteractions,higher gross returnsand netreturns were recorded inorganic farming with panchagavya @ 5 % (A2B2) in both soybean and wheat ( 1,65,479 ha-1 and 82,752 ha-1) and ( 1,24,514ha-1and 54,883ha-1, respectively). Cost of cultivation was reduced to the extent of8.6 and 77.9 per cent in soybean and 21.7 and 69.2 per cent in wheat under natural farming compared to RPP and INF, respectively. However, A2B2 is comparable with RPP in both soybean and wheat crops and this treatment is said to be better in terms of physiological growth, yield, qualityparameters, soil aggregate stability, soil micro nutrients status and soil health as determined by dehydrogenase, phosphatase and beneficial microflora activity than RPP. There was a progress in enzyme activity from initial stage to flowering stage and followed decreased trend upto harvest stage. Minimum values of dehydrogenase (19.13, 35.60 and 18.50 µg TPF formed g-1 soil day-1), phosphatase (67.09, 114.40 and 68.10 µgpNP g-1 soil hour-1),microbial biomass carbon (93.54, 156.29 and 120.69 mg kg-1 of soil) at initial, flowering and harvest stages, respectively were with chemical farming. Application ofFYMin organic farming increased available N by 15.13, 13.73, 23.25 and 27.18 per cent,Phosphorus by 93.08, 36.86, 6.25 and 11.78 per cent, potassium by17.45, 12.22, 5.02 and 7.76 per cent, respectivelyoverNF, INF, RPP and CFon pooled basis.
630 / SWA
Impactofnatural,organicfarmingpractices and foliar application of liquid organic manures on soybean [glycine max (l.) Merr.] Wheat (triticumaestivuml.)Croppingsystem - P hd (Agri) - Dharwad University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad 2024 - 429 320Cms
A study was carried out during 2022-23 and 2023-24 at MARS, Dharwad. The experiment was laid out in strip plot design with three farming practices in strip- I (A1:Naturalfarming(NF),A2:Organicfarming(OF),A3: Intensificationofnaturalfarming(INF), and five liquid organic manures (LOM’s) as foliar spray at critical crop growth stages in strip-II[B1: Vermiwash @ 10%, B2: Panchagavya @ 5 %, B3: Jeevamrutha @ 20 %, B4: Cow urine @ 10 % and B5: Water spray (control)] and compared with two uneven checks, recommended package of practices (RPP) by UAS, Dharwad and chemical farming (CF). Organic farming (OF) recorded higher values of soybean seed and wheat grain yields (2977 and 3596 kg ha-1, respectively). INF recorded a yield increase of 5.33 and 16.44 per cent in soybeanseedandwheat grain yieldsrespectivelyoverNF. Foliarapplicationofpanchagavya, cow urine, jeevamrutha and vermiwash contributed to enhanced yield to the extent of 26.7, 18.6, 13.5 and 10.0per cent over control in soybean and 18.3, 12.7, 8.0 and 5.9per cent in wheat.Thehighersoybeanandwheatyield(3322and3901kgha-1)andhighernetreturns ( 1,30,220and70,064ha-1)inRPPthanOFrespectively.Thepercent of yieldreductionwas10.4percentinOFand22.8percentinNF, 18.6 percentin INF,6.2percentinCFoverRPP in soybean crop. Similarly in wheat crop, 6.5, 28.3, 16.5 and 1.8 per cent reductions, respectively was noticed.Among theinteractions,higher gross returnsand netreturns were recorded inorganic farming with panchagavya @ 5 % (A2B2) in both soybean and wheat ( 1,65,479 ha-1 and 82,752 ha-1) and ( 1,24,514ha-1and 54,883ha-1, respectively). Cost of cultivation was reduced to the extent of8.6 and 77.9 per cent in soybean and 21.7 and 69.2 per cent in wheat under natural farming compared to RPP and INF, respectively. However, A2B2 is comparable with RPP in both soybean and wheat crops and this treatment is said to be better in terms of physiological growth, yield, qualityparameters, soil aggregate stability, soil micro nutrients status and soil health as determined by dehydrogenase, phosphatase and beneficial microflora activity than RPP. There was a progress in enzyme activity from initial stage to flowering stage and followed decreased trend upto harvest stage. Minimum values of dehydrogenase (19.13, 35.60 and 18.50 µg TPF formed g-1 soil day-1), phosphatase (67.09, 114.40 and 68.10 µgpNP g-1 soil hour-1),microbial biomass carbon (93.54, 156.29 and 120.69 mg kg-1 of soil) at initial, flowering and harvest stages, respectively were with chemical farming. Application ofFYMin organic farming increased available N by 15.13, 13.73, 23.25 and 27.18 per cent,Phosphorus by 93.08, 36.86, 6.25 and 11.78 per cent, potassium by17.45, 12.22, 5.02 and 7.76 per cent, respectivelyoverNF, INF, RPP and CFon pooled basis.
630 / SWA
