ABSTRACT
Santalum album Linn., commonly known as sandalwood, is a highly valued species prized for its fragrant heartwood and essential oil, particularly in India where it holds significant economic and cultural importance. Understanding the factors that influence the growth and development of this species is essential for optimizing its cultivation. This study focuses on the influence of seed source on seed morphology, seedling growth and physiological attributes of Santalum album in Karnataka, India. The research was conducted at the College of Forestry, Sirsi and evaluated seeds from ten different geographical source across the state. The objective was to identify the most suitable seed source for producing high-quality planting material, crucial for sustainable sandalwood cultivation.This study examines the significant variations in seed characteristics, germination indices and seedling parameters and physiological attributes of Santalum album across different geographic source. The seed source from Yelawala and Hagaribommanahalli consistently demonstrated superior performance. Yelawala seeds exhibited the highest length (6.97 mm), width (6.12 mm) and seed test weight (18.50 g), while the Shivamogga source had the lowest values. Germination percentage was highest in Yelawala (53.33%), followed by Hagaribommanahalli (50.00%). Seedlings from Yelawala and Hagaribommanahalli showed the good height, collar diameter and more number of leaves per seedling. Yelawala recorded the highest seedling vigor index (1468.97) and root vigor index (944.67). Additionally, Yelawala seeds had the highest fresh weight (5.81 g) and dry weights (2.03 g), indicating good seedling development. Yelawala's superior physiological attributes, such as the highest specific leaf weight (0.053 g/cm²) and the lowest specific leaf area (190.14 cm²/g), make it particularly suitable for drought conditions. Although both Yelawala and Hagaribommanahalli were identified as the best seed sources, Yelawala's performance in physiological traits suggests its greater suitability for drought-prone areas. Consequently, these source are recommended for achieving high-quality Santalum album seedlings.